Comprehensive List of All Economic Sectors in Turkey for 2025

Turkey’s economy, a dynamic emerging market, is built on three main pillars: agriculture, industry, and services. This comprehensive list covers the primary sectors and key sub-sectors, based on official sources like TÜİK (Turkish Statistical Institute), the Ministry of Trade, KOSGEB, and Borsa Istanbul. Structured per the NACE Rev.2.1 classification, it reflects Turkey’s GDP contributions (~~60% services, 25% industry, 6% agriculture) and employment shares (~~55% services, 25% industry, 20% agriculture) as of 2025. Data is sourced from TÜİK’s sectoral growth statistics, Ministry of Trade reports, and KOSGEB’s supported industries.

1. Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (~6% GDP, ~18-20% employment)

This sector forms Turkey’s traditional backbone, critical for food security and exports. Key sub-sectors include:

Agriculture: Crop production (grains, vegetables, fruits); livestock (dairy, meat, eggs).
Forestry: Timber production, pulp for paper.
Fisheries and Aquaculture: Marine and inland fishing, aquaculture.

2. Industry (~25% GDP, ~25% employment)

A major driver of exports (~90% of total exports), with high value-added production. Sub-sectors include:

Mining and Quarrying: Iron, coal, petroleum, natural gas, marble.
Manufacturing (largest sub-sector):
- Food and beverages (sugar, flour, meat products).
- Textiles and apparel (cotton, silk, ready-to-wear – a top export).
- Leather and footwear.
- Wood, paper, and furniture.
- Chemicals and plastics (pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, polymers).
- Non-metallic minerals (glass, cement, ceramics).
- Basic metals (iron-steel, aluminum, copper – Europe’s leader).
- Fabricated metal products (machinery parts).
- Computers, electronics, and optical products (appliances, TVs, medical devices – global leader in appliances).
- Electrical equipment (cables, generators).
- Machinery and equipment (agricultural and industrial machinery).
- Transport equipment (automotive – 4th largest in Europe; shipbuilding, aerospace).
- Furniture (export leader).
- Other manufacturing (jewelry, sports equipment).
Electricity, Gas, Water, and Waste Management: Energy production, renewables.
Construction: Infrastructure, housing, road building (~10-15% GDP).

3. Services (~60% GDP, ~55% employment)

The fastest-growing sector, generating significant foreign exchange (2023 service exports: $57 billion surplus). Sub-sectors include:

Wholesale and Retail Trade: Food, apparel, e-commerce (rapidly growing).
Transportation and Storage: Road, rail, air, and maritime transport (ports, logistics – e.g., Istanbul Airport).
Accommodation and Food Services: Tourism (travel, $56 billion export in 2024 – includes health and education tourism).
Information and Communication: Telecommunications (Turkcell, Vodafone), software, IT services.
Finance and Insurance: Banking (deposits, loans), insurance, capital markets (Borsa Istanbul).
Real Estate: Residential and commercial property development.
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Activities: Law, accounting, engineering, R&D.
Administrative and Support Services: Cleaning, security, office services.
Public Administration and Defense: Government services, social security.
Education: Schools, universities (private education exports rising).
Healthcare and Social Services: Hospitals, medical tourism (global leader).
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation: Cinema, sports, cultural events.
Other Services: Personal care, repair services.

Additional Notes:

Energy Sector: Covers oil, natural gas, renewables (solar, wind – 50% renewable target by 2030), and nuclear; focused on reducing import dependency.
Emerging Sectors: Defense industry (TAI, Aselsan), biotechnology, green energy, digital economy (e-commerce, fintech).
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Dominant across sectors; KOSGEB prioritizes defense, health, agritech, and green transition in 2025.
Turkey, an OECD and G20 member, ranks as the 16th largest economy (nominal GDP, 2025).

For detailed data, visit official sources like tuik.gov.tr or ticaret.gov.tr. To explore specific sub-sectors, contact us for tailored insights!

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